Homosexuality: “Sexual desire or behavior
directed towards a person of one’s own sex.”
A
Literal Interpretation of Biblical Passages would, most likely, conclude that
Homosexuality is condemned by scripture.
This is called: “The Traditional View.” This view came into usage only
about the Late Middle Ages. Prior to this, a much more tolerant attitude
prevailed (John Boswell: “Christianity, Social Tolerance and Homosexuality”).
Modern
Biblical Scholarship, and the increasing clinical evidence, would strongly
suggest that these passages utilized to condemn Homosexuality are wrong, that
they do not condemn, or forbid, loving Homosexual Acts in a relationship of
lasting commitment and mutual respect. Modern Scholarship indicates that all
references to Homosexual Behavior and Acts (in both The Old and New Testaments)
are related to ancient practices of Fertility Religions.
The
original languages of the Bible were Hebrew and Greek. No reputable scholar
would read the word Homosexual” in any Biblical reference because it just
doesn’t exist.
The
word “Heterosexual” was coined in 1888.
The
word “Homosexual” first appeared in English in the 1890’s, when it was used by
Charles Gilbert Chaddock (the translator of R. von Krafft-Ebing’s “Psychopathia
Sexualis”). It had originally appeared in German in 1869 in an anonymous
pamphlet. Havelock Ellis, a British physician, writer, and social reformer who
studied human sexuality, and who co-authored the first medical textbook in
English on Homosexuality in 1897, said it was a “barbarous neologism sprung
from a monstrous mingling of Greek and Latin Stock”:
Greek: “Heteros”
(different) and Latin: “Sexualis”
(sex)
Greek: “Homos”
(same) and Latin: “Sexualis” (sex)
TEXTS OF TERROR (aka The
“Clobber Passages”)
A) The Sodom and Gomorrah Story: Sodom
(“place of lime”) and Gomorrah (“fissure” or “submersion”):
Genesis 18:16 – 19:38
These
were cities in the Jordan Valley where Lot, Abraham’s nephew, settled with his
family. Genesis 19:5 is a key verse which utilizes the Hebrew Word: “yadah” (“to know”). The word can be
translated either in a sexual, or non-sexual manner depending on its usage i.e.
Genesis 4:1 where it is stated that “Adam knew (yadah) his wife and she conceived”, obviously used here in a sexual
context.
So
what is being condemned in this story?
· Inhospitality and
intolerance of strangers (i.e. Hebrews 13:2; I Timothy 5:9-10). In Ezekiel
16:49-50 (which lists the “sins of Sodom”) no mention is made of sexual
improprieties. It links “Sodom’s
Sins” with violating the ancient code of hospitality and rejection of the needs
of the poor.
· Sexual Violence and Rape
(i.e. Judges 19:13-30.
· Sexual Relations with
Angels.
· Initiation into sexual rites
of Fertility Religions in the Jordan Valley.
· Worship of Pagan Deities
(Hebrew Word used: “Catamites”).
Homosexuality
(as a Psycho-Sexual Orientation) is not mentioned or involved here. (The
Ancient Hebrews would not know of such modern knowledge). The story does not
speak to a loving, but exploitive, relationship (use of people as objects).
Correlative texts: Ezekiel 16:49-50; Jeremiah 23:14; Luke 10:10-12; II Peter
2:6-8.
There
are 2 works used in the Bible meaning “to know”. “Nakar” (“to know”; “to regard”; “to recognize”; “pay attention to”;
“be acquainted with”), is used 50 times in the Old Testament, and is used for
the first time in Genesis 27:23 (physical apprehension). “Yadah” (“to know”), a word which occurs in Ugaritic, Akkadian,
Phoenician, Arabic (infrequently), Aramaic, and Hebrew languages, is utilized
1,042 times in the Bible (995 in Hebrew and 47 in Aramaic).
Essentially,
“yadah” means:
· To know by observation and
reflection (thinking), as in Genesis 8:11 where Noah “knew” the floods had
abated by seeing the olive leaf in the mouth of the dove.
· To know by experiencing, as
in Joseph (Genesis 42:33); Adam and Eve (“knowledge of good and evil”); and
Israelites (Deuteronomy 8:5).
· Used of knowing and giving
back. Cain “did not know” he was Abel’s keeper (Genesis 4:9). Abraham “knew”
Sarah was a beautiful woman (Genesis 12:11).
· Know by being told
(Leviticus 5:1). Potiphar didn’t “know” (Genesis 39:6)
· Knowing by sexual relations,
as in Adam “knowing” Eve (Genesis 4:1).
· Knowing intimately and
personally, but not by sexual relations. God “knows” Abraham (Genesis 18:19).
God relates or “knows” Israel as a chosen people (Amos 3:2). Pharoah denies
that he “knows” God (Exodus 5:2).
Note: It is strange that people utilize The Sodom/Gomorrah Story
to condemn Homosexuals, and say nothing of Lot offering his virgin daughters to
be raped by the men. In the ancient world, they were Lot’s property, and he
could do whatever he desired with them. But if the men of Sodom were
Homosexuals, why would they even consider Lot’s daughters? Again, Lot offered
them up rather than violate the ancient code of hospitality. Furthermore, in
the ancient world, to make someone “play the woman” was a way to emasculate
them, which soldiers would often do to a captured enemy.
B) Leviticus 18:22: “Tohevah” (“an
abomination”):
Thou shalt not lie with
mankind, as with womankind: it is abomination. (KJV)
The
Hebrew Word: “tohevah” or “toebah” (“an abomination”) indicated
that something was repugnant from the standpoint of Cultic Rules and Laws (i.e.
Genesis 46:34; Genesis 43:32; Deuteronomy 22:5; Leviticus 18:22; Deuteronomy
20:17-18; II Kings 21:1-6). The prohibition in this verse was one of many
prohibitions considered “Tohevah” by
the Hebrews (also 20:13), and is part of The Hebrew Holiness Code which insured
Cultic and Moral Purity. It was a Tribal Code, and contains
other
prohibitions such as:
· Eating rabbit or pork
(Leviticus 11:1-8)
· Eating shellfish (Leviticus
11:9-10)
· Sex with a menstrual woman
(Leviticus 18:19)
· Cross-breeding,
cross-pollinating, wearing garments of two fabrics (Leviticus 19:19)
Lots
more could be added to this list.
To
the Ancient Hebrews, any “abomination” (“tohevah”)
was centered on this Holiness Code, including same-sex activity. The foundation
for this was that in their belief system, doing so emasculated and debased the
one who “played the woman”. Males were dominant and females were subservient,
inferior and treated as property. Same-sex interaction was also against the
Biblical Command to “be fruitful and multiply” (Genesis 9:11). Sex was only for
pro-creative purposes and never for pleasure. It was the means to increase the
tribe and to add to one’s property and value.
Orthodox
Jews still believe and uphold all 613 Laws, believing that Christ is the
Messiah, Christians have, largely, ignored these laws believing that His
atoning work on the Cross fulfilled the Law – except when they isolate and use
this verse as ammunition against Homosexuality. This is hypocritical, at best,
and theological heresy at worst, driven by an anti-gay agenda. As Ann Lamott so
eloquently and succinctly summarized it:
“You
know you’ve created God in your own image – when He hates the same people you
do”.
C) Deuteronomy 23:17-18: “Cultic Prostitutes” or
“Catamites”:
17 There shall be
no whore of the daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite of the sons of Israel. 18 Thou shalt not bring the hire of a whore, or the price of a dog, into
the house of the Lord thy God for any vow: for even both these are abominations
unto the Lord they God. (KJV)
The
work used here is: “Qadesh” (“Cult
Prostitute”), which is translated (incorrectly) as “Sodomite” in The King James
Bible, and also mistranslated in verse 18 as “dog”. The Revised Standard
Version of the Bible, which gives “Sodomite” as meaning of “dog” (“keleb”), is also without justification.
The translation here should be: “Temple Prostitute”. The passage is against
idolatrous worship in Fertility Cults, and has nothing to do with a loving,
caring, committed, non-exploitive relationship.
D) Romans 1:26-27: Sin, in a setting of Idolatry:
26 For this cause God gave them up unto vile affections: for even their
women did change the natural use into that which is against nature: 27 An likewise also the men,
leaving the natural use of the woman, burned in their lust one toward another;
men with men working that which is unseemly, and receiving themselves that recompense
of their error which was meet. (KJV)
Paul speaks of pagans of his day. The
“Image” of verse 23 refers to idols and idol worship. In verses 26-27, Paul is
referring to Heterosexuals who turn to immoral, libertine lust. Among the
Greeks and Romans it was not unusual for a man (with a wife and children) to
have a young male lover. Older men were expected to tutor (or initiate) younger
men in the art of love. The only prohibition was that the older man was not to
be the “receiver” of this sexual activity. The young partner was to assume the
“female role.” The word for this young man was (in the Greek) “ganymedes” (boy kept for sexual
purposes). Once reaching puberty, the young man usually went on to marry and
have children and, probably, tutored or mentored another young man. In keeping
with the constant average of at least 3-10% of the population being exclusively
Homosexual, some of these young men (ganymedes)
were of this orientation and entered exclusive Homosexual Relationships.
Paul
was a devout Jewish Heterosexual (no evidence that he was a repressed or
tortured “closet Gay”).
He
believed that the only “natural” sexual relationship was between a male and
female which could produce offspring. In Ancient Hebrew and Jewish Tradition,
having children and posterity was crucial to the survival of the race and
religion. Anything which precluded this(including “spilling one’s seed” or
“masturbation” (as in the case of Onan in Genesis 38:8-10, who did so rather
than fulfilling The Levite Law to give progeny to his dead brother’s wife so
they could inherit estate)), was
taboo or “tohevah”. Paul would have had no understanding of
“Constitutional Homosexuality” which has now been confirmed by clinical facts
not known to the ancient world of Paul’s day. To them, it was simply a
“choice”, an act of volition.
The
Cultic Prostitution and practice of tutoring young men was part of Paul’s
World. In Romans 1:29-31, Paul describes how evil and ugly this idolatrous
lifestyle is. Either Homosexual or Heterosexual People can be part of such a
lifestyle. Paul is not dealing with a loving relationship in the context of
acknowledging God and of honoring the Imagio
Dei (“The Image of God”) in another as a person to be loved, treated with
dignity, and valued.
E) I Corinthians 6:9 and I Timothy 1:10: More of the same:
Know ye not that the
unrighteous shall not inherit the kingdom of God? Be not deceived: neither
fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor abusers of
themselves with mankind,
For whore mongers, for them
that defile themselves with mankind, for menstealers, for liars, for perjured
persons, and if there be any other thing that is contrary to sound doctrine;
(KJV)
The
Greek Word used here has no relationship to the coined words Homosexual or
Heterosexual. “Malakos”
(“effeminate”; “womanly”; “soft” as in Moral Softness) and “arsenokoites” (“arseno” – “male” and “koites”
– “bed”). The Revised Standard Version of the Bible, in its first edition,
mistranslated these words as “Homosexual”. The Second Edition (1971) correctly
translated these words to “sexual perverts.” Malakos is rightly translated as “moral weakness”. “Immoral
persons” is a better and more truthful translation, with no reference to
Homosexuality. “Arsenokoites” is
closer to our slang word “F---er”.
Young’s
Analytical Concordance renders “arsenokoites”
as: “lying with a male”, but it could apply to both Heterosexual and Homosexual
Activity. It likely refers to “Temple Prostitutes” involved in Pagan Fertility
Rites.
In
I Timothy 1:8-10, moral concerns in Ephesus (Greek Speaking City) are
addressed.
“Malakos” (“morally soft” and “arsenokoites” (“Temple Prostitutes”) are
a truthful translation again, and also for I Corinthians 6:9. There is no
justification in translating the words as “Sodomites” or “Homosexual” here, as
Corinth was dominated by the Fertility Cult Worship of the Goddess Venus, and
Ephesus was dominated by the Fertility Cult Worship of Artemis (Acts 19:23;
34-35).
Paul
also argues about what is “natural” and “against nature” (“para pusin” in the Greek). But this can cut both ways. If one’s
sexual orientation is “naturally” Heterosexual, or if one’s sexual orientation
is “naturally” Homosexual, then for each to move outside this orientation would
be “para pusin” for them.
What did Jesus say about
Homosexuality?
NOTHING!
His
references to Sodom and Gomorrah are:
· Matthew 10:11-15
(inhospitality)
· Matthew 11:20-24 (denial of
works; miracles)
· Mark 6:10-11 (inhospitality)
· Luke 10:10-12
(inhospitality)
· Luke 17:26-29 (Days of Noah
– marriage and giving in marriage). No mention of anything else.
Every
passage where Sodom and Gomorrah is mentioned lists nothing of any sexual
activity. Scripture only points out that they were “wicked cities”.
The Roman Centurion
Matthew 8:5-13
I
think the most definitive passage has to be when the Roman Centurion approached
Jesus to heal his servant who was critically ill. This Centurion was a pagan,
and a worshipper of the god Mithra. Most Roman Soldiers worshipped this deity,
who was an ancient Savior/God who was:
· Miraculously born of a
virgin;
· A attar proclaimed his
birth;
· Performed miracles’
· Was crucified on a cross;
· Buried, rose again, and
ascended.
This
Centurion was leader of 100 soldiers. He told Jesus that he was not worthy for
him to come to his home; just “say the word and my servant will be healed”. Many
overlook the words that he utilized in describing his servant. They are” “doulos” (“servant” or “slave”) but he
adds before this word: “pais”
(“beloved”). Slaves were expendable in the ancient world. This was a “slave” or
“servant” who had a special relationship to this Centurion. No doubt this was
his “body slave”; the one who took care of his personal and sexual needs.
Jesus
had every opportunity to castigate, censure and condemn this Centurion for his
Paganism and his admission that he was engaged in a Homosexual Relationship.
Jesus does none of this. He tells the Centurion that his servant is healed. He
then remarks to those standing around listening (mostly the religious crowd and
leaders of First Century A.D.) that “no greater faith has He found, not even in
Jerusalem”. This is something to consider in the debate over Homosexuality and
The Bible. Jesus does not condemn here; He commends.
Conclusions
There
is a strong argument to be made that participation is such Fertility Cults and
Worship is what is being condemned in all these texts (except the
Sodom/Gomorrah Story). These texts do not address what we understand as Homosexuality
today. The Bible relates to various situations at the time of writing:
· Paul’s instruction to slaves
to accept their status (I Corinthians 7:20-24)
· Women to be silent in the
Synagogue (we translate this as “church” with no justification to do so)
· Women to be subservient to
their husbands (I Corinthians 14:34)
The
Bible gives us moral, ethical and spiritual guidelines. It is up to us to study
and apply them, as best we can, in a spirit of faith and love. We are
responsible to take both guidance from scripture and dialogue with scripture,
in light of reason, continuing experience, and revealed knowledge (both
Biblical and Clinical). The Religious Community must reach an enlightened
consensus about Homosexuality, one that has its foundation in modern
scholarship and clinical understandings. We cannot base our beliefs and actions
on outdated hermeneutics, which are devoid of such scholarship.
In
has been proven, via indisputable facts, that Homosexuality and Heterosexuality
are natural variations in human beings from the beginning of the creation. It
is, therefore, realistic to establish codes of behavior in each relationship
which are moral, ethical and spiritual.
Eventually,
consensus may be that all sexual activity is to be affirmed when it is couched
in a relationship of loving, caring, and nurturing foundations. We should not
affirm relationships (either Homosexual or Heterosexual (where people are
treated and viewed as objects to be exploited, but rather as people who have
value and validity, where the foundations of such relationships are rooted in
mutual love, affection, caring, compassion, and the desire to live out the
“Golden Rule” of wishing for another the same things we desire for ourselves,
and to do all in our power to make that a reality.
This
is just a start in developing a “Sexual Ethic”, which will enhance our
humanity, society and world.


The
Rev. Dr. Ronald A. Sparks, BA, M.Div., Th.M., Th.D.
The
Community Church of California City, CA.
United
Church of Christ
Scriptures
quoted are in the King James Version (KJV)
Selective Bibliography
· “On Being Gay” – Brian
McNaught; St. Martins Press
· “Is It A Choice?” – Eric
Marcus; Harper/Collins
· “Homosexuality And Ethics” –
Edward Batchelor Jr; Pilgrim Press
· “What The Bible Really Says
About Homosexuality” – Daniel Helminiak; Alamo Square Press
· “Homosexuality And Christian
Faith” – Walter Wink; Augsburg Fortress Publishers
· Homophobia: A History” –
Byrne Fone; Metropolitan Books
· “Homosexuality” – Robert M.
Baird; Prometheus Books
· “The Way Forward: Christian
Voices on Homosexuality and the Church” – Timothy Bradshaw, Eerdmans Publ.
· “Those 7 References” – John
Dwyer; Book Surge Publishing
· “Jesus, The Bible, and
Homosexuality” – Jack Rogers; Westminster John Knox Press
· “God Is Not A Homophobe” –
Philo Thelos; Trafford Publishing
· “Rescuing Sex From The
Christians” – Clayton Sullivan; Continuum
· “Is The Homosexual My
Neighbor?” – Letha Scanzoni and Virginia Ramey Mollenkott; Harper Collins
Publishers
· “The New Testament And
Homosexuality” – Robin Scroggs; Augsburg Fortress Publishers
· “Can Homophobia Be Cured?” –
Bruce Hilton; Abingdon Press
· “Embodiment: An Approach to
Sexuality and Christian Theology” – James B. Nelson; Augsburg Books
· “The Church And The
Homosexual” – John J. McNeill; Beacon Press
· “Christianity, Social
Tolerance And Homosexuality” – John Boswell; University of Chicago Press
· “Jonathan Loved David” – Tom
Horner; Westminster John Knox Press
· “The Children Are Free”-
Rev. Jeff Miner and John Tyler Connoley; Life Journey Press
· “Setting Them Straight” –
Betty Berzon; Plume Books
· “Holy Homosexuals” – Michael
Piazza; Sources of Hope Publishing
· “We Were Baptized Too” –
Marilyn Bennett Alexander and James Preston; Westminster John Knox Press
· “How To Make The World
Better For Gays And Lesbians” – Una Fahy; Warner Books
· “Our Tribe: Queer Folks,
God, Jesus, and the Bible” – Nancy Wilson; Harper Collins
· “Jesus Acted Up: A Gay and
Lesbian Manifesto” – Robert Goss; Harper Collins Publishers
· “Stranger At The Gate” – Mel
White; Plume Books
· “The Antigay Agenda” – Didi
Herman; University of Chicago Press
· “Take Back The Word” –
Robert Goss; Pilgrim Press
· “The X-Rated Bible” – Ben
Akerley; Feral House
· “A Place At the Table” –
Bruce Bawer; Poseidon Press
· “The Joy of Sex” – Alex
Comfort, Crown Books
· “The joy of Gay Sex” – Dr.
Charles Silverstein and Edmund White, Crown Books
· “The Joy of Lesbian Sex” –
Dr. Emily L. Sisley and Bertha Harris, Crown Books